The 5M, 6M or 7M analysis is a structured method for identifying and analysing the potential causes of a problem. This approach is often used within Lean Management and quality to help teams pinpoint contributing factors exhaustively and systematically. Here is a detailed description of each axis:
- Means:
- Description: These are the resources and equipment used in the production or service process.
- Sample questions: Are the tools used in good condition? Are the machines properly maintained? Is the software up to date and suited to requirements?
- Manpower:
- Description: This concerns the people involved, their skills, training and motivation.
- Sample questions: Have employees received adequate training? Are they motivated and engaged in their work? Are there enough staff to carry out the necessary tasks?
- Methods:
- Description: The procedures and processes used to carry out tasks.
- Sample questions: Are the procedures clearly defined and followed? Are there unnecessary or poorly designed steps? Are the methods regularly updated and optimised?
- Materials:
- Description: The raw materials and consumables used in the process.
- Sample questions: Is the quality of the materials sufficient? Are supplies stored and handled correctly? Are there variations in the materials that could affect the final result?
- Environment:
- Description: L’environnement de travail, y compris les conditions physiques et organisationnelles.
- Sample questions: Is the working environment safe and ergonomic? Do climate or lighting conditions affect the process? Is the working atmosphere conducive to concentration and efficiency?
- Measurements:
- Description: The measurement techniques and tools used to assess performance and quality.
- Sample questions: Are the measuring instruments accurate and calibrated? Are the measurement criteria clearly defined and applied consistently? Are the measurement results used effectively to improve processes?
- Management:
- Description: The supervision and management of processes and people.
- Sample questions: Is communication between management levels and staff effective? Are objectives clearly defined and aligned with the overall strategy? Does management support and encourage continuous improvement?
Application de l’Analyse 5M, 6M ou 7M
To apply this method, a team usually meets to brainstorm on each axis, identifying the factors that could contribute to the problem. Once the potential causes have been identified, they are analysed in more detail to determine which are the most likely and the most impactful. This analysis can be supported by visual tools such as Ishikawa diagrams (fishbone diagrams) to better visualise and organise the causes.
Avantages de l’Analyse 5M, 6M ou 7M
- Structure and comprehensiveness: This method offers a systematic approach to ensure that every possible dimension of the problem is explored.
- Team involvement: It encourages the active participation of all team members, which can lead to diverse ideas and perspectives.
- Identifying root causes: By examining the different facets of the problem, it is easier to trace it back to the root cause, making it possible to put lasting solutions in place.
Conclusion
The 5M, 6M or 7M analysis is a powerful tool within Lean Management for diagnosing and solving problems. By structuring the examination of contributing factors, it helps teams identify not only the symptoms but also the underlying causes of malfunctions, enabling significant and lasting improvements.
Xavier Schuster
Consultant at SXE Consulting. Industrial consulting firm based in Luxembourg, 25 years of experience in operational excellence.
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