{"id":12525,"date":"2025-10-21T23:23:57","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T21:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/?page_id=12525"},"modified":"2025-10-21T23:23:57","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T21:23:57","slug":"amdec-definition","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/glossaire-industriel\/amdec-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"FMEA (Failure Mode, Effect and Criticality Analysis)"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u2019FMECA<\/strong> (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis), or FMEA<\/strong> in English (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis<\/em>), is a preventive and systematic analysis method used to identify, evaluate and prioritize potential product or process failures, as well as their impact on the customer or the system.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In-depth definition :<\/strong> FMEA is a fundamental tool in the management of risk. Quality<\/strong> and Industrial Engineering<\/strong>. It applies before the Series Production<\/strong> (at the\u2019Industrialisation<\/strong>) or before implementing a new process. Unlike the Root Cause Analysis (RCA)<\/strong> which is reactive (it analyzes a problem after<\/em> that it has occurred), the FMECA is proactive<\/strong>. It seeks to answer three questions:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. What are the possible faults?<\/strong> (Failure modes)<\/li>\n
  2. What are the consequences?<\/strong> (Effects)<\/li>\n
  3. What are the priority actions to prevent them?<\/strong> (Criticality and preventive actions)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    The Three Types of FMECA<\/strong><\/h3>\n

    FMECA is generally structured according to the point in the product life cycle at which it is applied:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Product FMEA (FMEA Design) :<\/strong> Used by the design team to analyze potential failures related to the product itself (materials, shape, tolerances, product specifications, etc.). Technical specifications<\/strong>). The aim is to ensure that the product is intrinsically reliable.<\/li>\n
    2. Process FMEA :<\/strong> Used by the Methods<\/strong> or Industrialisation<\/strong> to analyze potential failures in the Manufacturing range<\/strong> and assembly steps (operator error, incorrect machine setting, use of wrong tools). The aim is to ensure that the process is capable of producing the product reliably and in accordance with the customer's specifications. Manufacturing file<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
    3. Equipment FMEA :<\/strong> Used by the Maintenance<\/strong> to analyze production equipment failures (cause of breakdown, need for maintenance, etc.). Preventive Maintenance<\/strong> or Predictive Maintenance<\/strong>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Criticality calculation (IPR)<\/strong><\/h3>\n

      The heart of FMECA is the determination of the\u2019Risk Priority Index (RPI)<\/strong> for each identified failure mode. The RPN is the product of three ratings (generally on a scale of 1 to 10):<\/p>\n

      IPR=Gravite\u02ca\u00d7Occurrence\u00d7De\u02catection<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Gravity (G) :<\/strong> Assessment of the severity of the effect of the failure on the customer or user (impact on safety, functionality, etc.). Quality<\/strong>).<\/li>\n
      2. Occurrence (O):<\/strong> Estimate of how often the cause of the failure will occur.<\/li>\n
      3. Detection (D) :<\/strong> Assessment of the capacity of the current control system (inspection, Poka-Yoke<\/strong>, Machine Vision<\/strong>) to detect failure before<\/em> before it reaches the customer or the downstream stage.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Failure modes with the highest RPN (the famous 20 % critical<\/strong> identified by the Pareto method<\/strong>) are those requiring immediate corrective action, as their risk is deemed unacceptable.<\/p>\n

        FMECA and Operational Excellence<\/strong><\/h3>\n

        FMECA is a powerful tool for the\u2019Operational Excellence<\/strong> because it forces teams to anticipate problems:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Risk prevention :<\/strong> It can be used to implement risk-reduction measures (e.g. adding a device to an existing system). Poka-Yoke<\/strong> or modification of the Bill of materials - BOM<\/strong>) before failure becomes costly.<\/li>\n
        • Standardization support :<\/strong> The actions selected to reduce the RPN (e.g. improve detection or reduce occurrence) are integrated into the Work Instructions<\/strong> and Manufacturing file<\/strong>, reinforcing the Standardization<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
        • KAIZEN power supply :<\/strong> Each time a failure occurs despite the FMECA, the analysis is updated, the assumptions are corrected, and the new risk level is integrated into the cycle. PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act)<\/strong> for a Continuous Improvement (KAIZEN)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          In conclusion, the\u2019FMECA<\/strong> is the methodological tool that enables an organization to transform its approach to problems, moving from a reactive posture (suffering breakdowns) to a proactive posture (preventing them), thus guaranteeing the reliability and efficiency of its processes. Industrial Performance<\/strong> sustainable.<\/p>\n

          <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          L’AMDEC (Analyse des Modes de D\u00e9faillance, de leurs Effets et de leur Criticit\u00e9), ou FMEA en anglais (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis), est une m\u00e9thode d’analyse pr\u00e9ventive et syst\u00e9matique utilis\u00e9e pour identifier, \u00e9valuer et hi\u00e9rarchiser les d\u00e9faillances potentielles d’un produit ou d’un processus, ainsi que leurs impacts sur le client ou sur le syst\u00e8me.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12324,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_sitemap_exclude":false,"_sitemap_priority":"","_sitemap_frequency":"","footnotes":""},"definition":[99],"class_list":["post-12525","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","definition-definition"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12525\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12324"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"definition","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sxe-consulting.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/definition?post=12525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}